True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
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1.
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The
cardiac sphincter is at the end of the stomach located closest to the esophagus.
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2.
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The
small intestine is shorter in length than the large intestine.
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3.
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The
breakdown or emulsification of fats by bile salts is an example of physical digestion.
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4.
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An
open circulatory system is more efficient in delivering oxygen to cells than a closed circulatory
system.
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5.
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Generally, arteries have thicker walls than veins.
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6.
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No
cell in the body of a complex organism is more than two cells away from a capillary.
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7.
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The
semilunar valves are located between the atria and the ventricles.
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8.
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Heart
rate remains constant whether an individual is standing, sitting, or lying down.
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9.
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The
spleen is an important reservoir of red blood cells.
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10.
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The
efficiency of the oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange surface in any organism is directly related to its
surface area.
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11.
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Air
moves into the lungs from outside the body when air pressure within the lungs is less than the
atmospheric pressure.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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12.
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Which
of the following is not part of the mammalian digestive system? a. | esophagus | d. | small
intestine | b. | crop | e. | large intestine | c. | stomach | | | | |
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13.
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In
which of the following lists are the structures listed in order from the simplest to the most
complex? a. | organ system,
organ, tissue, cell | d. | cell, tissue,
organ, organ system | b. | tissue, organ, organ system,
cell | e. | cell, organ,
tissue, organ system | c. | cell, organ system, system, tissue | | | | |
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14.
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In
which of the following lists are the events listed in the sequence in which they actually
occur? a. | ingestion,
absorption, digestion, egestion | b. | ingestion, digestion, absorption,
egestion | c. | absorption, ingestion, egestion,
digestion | d. | absorption, digestion, ingestion,
egestion | e. | digestion, ingestion, absorption,
egestion | | |
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15.
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Which
of the following statements is not a function of saliva? a. | It lubricates
the food passage. | d. | It activates the
taste buds. | b. | It contains the enzyme amylase. | e. | It dissolves food particles. | c. | It helps grind
and tear food. | | | | |
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16.
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Which
of the following enzymes breaks down fats? a. | amylase | d. | lipase | b. | maltase | e. | dissacharidase | c. | trypsin | | | | |
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17.
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Which
of the following enzymes breaks down the sugars in milk? a. | amylase | d. | trypsin | b. | lactase | e. | polysaccharidase | c. | lipase | | | | |
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18.
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When
patients have their gall bladders removed, they should initially be placed on a diet that is low in
which of the following? a. | starch | d. | vitamins | b. | proteins | e. | carbohydrates | c. | fats | | | | |
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19.
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Which
of the following is not a function of the large intestine? a. | absorption of
water | d. | absorption of
vitamins | b. | absorption of alcohol | e. | temporary storage of wastes | c. | absorption of
minerals | | | | |
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20.
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Which
of the following is not true of the villi found in the small intestine? a. | They greatly
increase the surface area of the intestine. | b. | They contain
small arteries and veins. | c. | They secrete digestive juices. | d. | They are
themselves lined with microvilli. | | |
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21.
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What
is the role of the bicarbonate ion in the digestive process? a. | to initiate the
digestion of starches | b. | to emsulsify fats | c. | to lower the pH
of material entering the small intestine from the stomach | d. | to raise the pH
of material entering the small intestine from the stomach | e. | to stimulate the
release of gastric juices | | |
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22.
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Which
of the following is not true of blood platelets? a. | They initiate blood clotting. | b. | They have a
nucleus. | c. | They are irregular in shape. | d. | They are so
fragile they rupture if they strike a sharp surface. | | |
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23.
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An
individual who has no special markers (antigens) attached to the membrane of their red blood cells
has which of the following blood types? a. | A, Rh positive | d. | O, Rh positive | b. | A, Rh
negative | e. | O, Rh
negative | c. | B, Rh positive | | | | |
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24.
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Which
of the following blood types is known as the universal donor?
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25.
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Which
one of the following situations would be beneficial for the recipient? a. | A Type A person
receives a transfusion from a Type B person. | b. | A Type B person
receives a transfusion from a Type A person. | c. | A Type O person
receives a transfusion from a Type A person. | d. | A Type O person
receives a transfusion from a Type AB person. | e. | A Type A person
receives a transfusion from a Type O person. | | |
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26.
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Which
of the following is true of arteries? a. | They always carry oxygenated blood. | b. | They always
carry deoxygenated blood. | c. | They are the site of exchange of materials between the blood
and the tissues. | d. | They always carry blood away from the
heart. | e. | They always carry blood toward the
heart. | | |
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27.
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Which
of the following is not true concerning capillaries? a. | They are the
site of exchange between the blood and body cells. | b. | They have walls
that are only one cell layer thick. | c. | They have valves to prevent blood from flowing backward into
them. | d. | Their diameter is so small that red blood cells must move
through them in single file. | | |
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28.
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Which
of the following is not true of veins? a. | The walls of the veins allow materials to diffuse in and out
easily. | b. | They have thinner walls than
arteries. | c. | They have one-way valves to prevent the backflow of
blood. | d. | They rely on the activity of the skeletal muscles to help move
blood back to the heart. | e. | The pressure in veins is lower than that in
arteries. | | |
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29.
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The
mammalian heart consists of a. | a single large chamber. | d. | two atria and one ventricle. | b. | one atrium and
one ventricle. | e. | two atria and
two ventricles. | c. | one atrium and two ventricles. | | | | |
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30.
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The
septum completely separates the two halves of the mammalian heart. Because of this a. | the heart is
able to hold a larger volume of blood. | b. | the blood flows faster. | c. | the blood flows
more slowly. | d. | oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood are kept
separate. | e. | oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood are allowed to mix
freely. | | |
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31.
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The
largest artery in the human body is the a. | coronary artery. | d. | aorta. | b. | pulmonary
artery. | e. | brachial
artery. | c. | carotid artery. | | | | |
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32.
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Which
of the following correctly outlines the pathway that is followed by a red blood cell that first
enters the heart at the vena cava? a. | left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary
veins, right atrium, right ventricle, aorta | b. | left atrium,
right ventricle, pulmonary vein, lungs, pulmonary artery, right atrium, left ventricle,
aorta | c. | left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary vein, lungs, pulmonary
artery, right atrium, right ventricle, aorta | d. | right atrium,
right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle,
aorta | e. | right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, lungs,
pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta | | |
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33.
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The
heart's "pacemaker" is the a. | bicuspid node. | d. | sinoatrial node. | b. | Purkinje
node. | e. | semilunar
node. | c. | atrioventricular node. | | | | |
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34.
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Which
of the following is not true of the lymphatic system? a. | It consists of
open-ended vessels similar to veins. | b. | Slow muscular contractions cause the fluid to move in the
vessels. | c. | There are flaplike valves to prevent the backflow of
fluid. | d. | The lymph is returned to the veins. | e. | Oxygen is
transported to body tissues. | | |
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35.
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Which
of the following is not a function of the lymph nodes? a. | They house white
blood cells that destroy bacteria by phagocytosis. | b. | They filter out
damaged cells. | c. | They supply lymphocytes for the body. | d. | They produce
blood platelets. | e. | They remove debris from the lymph. | | |
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36.
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Which
of the following reactions correctly describes cellular respiration? a. | oxygen + carbon
dioxide ® sugar + water + energy | b. | oxygen + sugar
® carbon dioxide
+ water + energy | c. | oxygen + water ® sugar + carbon dioxide + energy | d. | carbon dioxide +
water + energy ® sugar + oxygen | e. | carbon dioxide +
oxygen + energy ® sugar + water | | |
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37.
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Which
structure is used by both the digestive and respiratory systems? a. | nasal
cavity | d. | bronchi | b. | pharynx | e. | alveoli | c. | larynx | | | | |
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38.
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Which
of the following statements is not true? a. | During inspiration the pressure within the chest cavity is
greater than the atmospheric pressure. | b. | During inspiration the pressure within the chest cavity is less
than the atmospheric pressure. | c. | The pressure within the chest cavity decreases when the
diaphragm contracts. | d. | The pressure within the chest cavity increases when the rib
cage moves downward. | e. | The pressure within the chest cavity increases as the diaphragm
moves up. | | |
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39.
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Which
of the following leads to inspiration? a. | The diaphragm moves upward and the ribs move
upward. | b. | The diaphragm moves upward and the ribs move
downward. | c. | The diaphragm moves upward and ribs remain
stationary. | d. | The diaphragm moves downward and the ribs move
upward. | e. | The diaphragm moves downward and the ribs move
downward. | | |
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40.
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Gases
diffuse a. | from an area of
low pressure to another area of low pressure. | b. | from an area of
high pressure to another area of high pressure. | c. | from an area of
high pressure to an area of low pressure. | d. | from an area of low pressure to an area of high
pressure. | e. | from an area where they are not needed to an area where they
are needed. | | |
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41.
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A
student trains for distance running over a period of six months. What would you expect to find if you
measured their lung volume at the beginning and end of the six months? a. | The vital
capacity and the inspiratory reserve volume would both decrease. | b. | The vital
capacity and the inspiratory reserve volume would both increase. | c. | The inspiratory
reserve volume would increase and the expiratory reserve volume would
decrease. | d. | The inspiratory reserve volume would decrease and the
expiratory reserve volume would increase. | e. | The inspiratory reserve volume and the tidal volume would both
increase. | | |
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Matching
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Match the structures below with their functions as part of the digestive
system. a. | large
intestine | d. | liver | b. | stomach | e. | mouth | c. | pancreas | f. | small
intestine | | | | |
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42.
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production of bile to break down fats
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43.
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absorption of most nutrients
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44.
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absorption of water and storage of undigested food
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45.
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starch digestion begins here
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46.
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production of insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar level
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47.
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protein digestion begins here and absorption of some drugs and alcohol
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Match the following structures with their correct
descriptions. a. | alveolus | f. | pharynx | b. | bronchiole | g. | pleural membrane | c. | bronchus | h. | trachea | d. | epiglottis | i. | nasal passage | e. | glottis | | | | |
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48.
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one
of two branches that carries air into the lungs
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49.
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air
sacs surrounded by capillaries
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50.
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strengthened by rings of cartilage
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51.
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cavity lined with cilia to sweep out debris
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52.
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a
flaplike structure that closes when food is swallowed
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53.
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a
passageway associated with both the digestive and respiratory systems
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54.
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many
branches ending in clusters of alveoli
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Match the following terms with the correct definitions. a. | expiratory
reserve volume | c. | tidal
volume | b. | inspiratory reserve volume | d. | vital capacity | | | | |
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55.
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the
amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath
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56.
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the
amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation
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57.
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the
maximum amount of air that can be inhaled
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58.
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the
amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled with a normal inhalation
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