Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which
pair of characteristics describes a water molecule? a. | symmetrical and
polar | c. | asymmetrical and
polar | b. | symmetrical and nonpolar | d. | asymmetrical and nonpolar | | | | |
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2.
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Which
intermolecular force accounts for the relatively high boiling point of water? a. | hydrogen
bonding | c. | metallic
bonding | b. | covalent bonding | d. | ionic bonding | | | | |
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3.
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A
water-quality technician tests water samples for which of the following ions? a. | iron
ions | c. | chloride
ions | b. | calcium
ions | d. | all of the
above | | | | |
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4.
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Which
of the following steps would you choose as most important in the water-treatment
process? a. | softening | c. | fluoridation | b. | disinfection | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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5.
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Which
of the following substances is an Arrhenius acid? a. | NH3(aq) | c. | HC2H3O2(aq) | b. | KOH(aq) | d. | CH3OH(aq) | | | | |
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6.
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Which
of the following pH values represents the highest concentration of hydrogen ions in
solution? a. | pH =
1 | c. | pH =
3 | b. | pH =
2 | d. | pH =
4 | | | | |
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7.
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Seawater has a pH of 8.0. What is its hydrogen ion concentration? a. | [H ] = 10–8 mol/L | c. | [H ] =
10–4 mol/L | b. | [H ] = 8
´
10–1 mol/L | d. | [H ] = 10–1 mol/L | | | | |
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8.
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What
is the concentration of hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq), if 20 mL is needed to neutralize 10 mL
of 0.50-mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH(aq)? a. | 1.0
mol/L | c. | 0.50
mol/L | b. | 0.75 mol/L | d. | 0.25 mol/L | | | | |
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Matching
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Match each term to its description. a. | stratosphere | f. | troposphere | b. | ionize | g. | weak | c. | electrolyte | h. | hard water | d. | Boyle’s
law | i. | Charles’s
law | e. | absolute
zero | | | | |
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9.
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The
volume of a gas decreases as pressure increases.
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10.
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The
lowest possible temperature is __________.
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11.
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As
the temperature of a gas increases, its volume increases.
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12.
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When
acids dissolve in water, they __________.
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13.
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High
concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions in water cause __________.
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14.
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In
solution, these acids are not good conductors of electricity.
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15.
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A
compound that conducts electricity in solution is called a(n) __________.
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16.
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The
air that we breathe is in this atmospheric layer.
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17.
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The
ozone layer is in this part of the atmosphere.
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Other
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18.
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Complete the following crossword puzzle using the clues given
below.
Across | 1. The chemical
formula for calcium | 6. The
electrical nature of a water molecule | 9. A solution
that has a relatively small amount of solute per unit volume of solution | 10. A substance that reacts with an acid in a double displacement reaction to produce
a salt, carbon dioxide gas, and water | 12. A
stratospheric component that filters UV radiation; also a ground-level
pollutant | 13. An underground formation of porous rock that
collects water | 16. A water
purification process that includes evaporation and condensation | 17. A substance that is formed when a cation from a base bonds with an anion from an
acid | 19. The precise addition of a solution from a burette
into a measured volume of a sample solution | 20. A type of
substance that is water soluble, tastes sour, and conducts electricity in
solution | 24. Originally a mixture of smoke and fog; now refers
to a bad air condition that results from a mixture of air pollutants | 27. A substance that changes colour as the pH of a solution approaches
7 | 29. A chemical that is added to drinking water to help
prevent tooth decay | 30. A solution
with a precisely known concentration | 31. Water that
is drinkable | 33. The process
in which neutral atoms or molecules are changed into charged particles | 35. The scientist who formulated a law that describes the pressure of gas
mixtures | 36. A large quantity of solute in
solution | 39. An organic substance that is immiscible in
water | |
Down | 1. An aqueous
metal ion that is found in hard water | 2. A substance
that covers 70% of Earth | 3. The ion that
is responsible for the properties of bases, according to Arrhenius | 4. The point in a titration that indicates when a neutralization reaction is complete
| 5. “Free” days that are held around the world on
September 22 | 7. Substances
that react with acids to produce a salt and hydrogen gas | 8. A type of water-soluble substance that tastes bitter and feels slippery, and can
neutralize an acid | 11. A double
displacement reaction between an acid and a base | 14. The chemical formula for iron | 15. A common term for wet acid deposition | 18. The British chemist who determined the relationship between pressure and volume of
a gas | 21. A chemical disinfectant that is added to
water | 22. Water that contains high concentrations of calcium
and magnesium ions | 23. Water that
seeps into the soil and collects beneath Earth’s surface | 25. The maximum acceptable level of chemicals in water | 26. Matter that takes the space of its container and is
compressible | 28. The French
physicist who determined the relationship between the volume and temperature of a
gas | 32. A pollution “hot spot” in the Great
Lakes Basin | 33. A term that
is used to describe a charged particle | 34. A general
term for the gases that we breathe | 37. The chemical
formula for the ion that Arrhenius thought was responsible for the properties of
bases | 38. A measure of the amount of oxygen that is
dissolved in water | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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19.
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Acid
rain causes buildings and statues that are made of limestone and marble to
____________________.
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20.
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Greenhouse gases have been associated with _________________________.
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21.
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The
_________________________ is used in Ontario to indicate the air quality.
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22.
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____________________ can be seen as a haze in the air.
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23.
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Coffee has a pH of 5.0, and orange juice has a pH of 3.0. The hydrogen ion
concentration for the coffee is ____________________, and the hydrogen ion concentration for the
orange juice is ____________________. Thus, the hydrogen ions in the juice are ____________________
times more concentrated than the hydrogen ions in the coffee.
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24.
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Three
greenhouse gases that occur naturally are ____________________, ____________________, and
____________________. A human-made greenhouse gas is ____________________.
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